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" $hAP8-N 8NN e N N   NN S>jJ {0  ^ N ( \ ^ L  88~ X  bbbFbbbFbbbNNNNNN ~ހOSl[Suu ~ހvTyuirf[RSbu0S0N"0{kN0^02_I{GWSuirOSRP[@b:d&^vOo`(W~ހQv O sSOSl[signal transduction pathway vc0|~vOSl[/fck8^u}T;mRvMRc OSl[_8^SN[TyutǏ z0] gnchf N{|uu yr+R/fNN͑'Yuu Y$v0_@{u0|?\uNSt^'`uFT GWNc6R~ހTyutRvOSl[x gsQ0f~ހOSl[vc:g6R NN gRNmeQƋTyuuvSu:gt N:N4N^ʋeTlub/gcOevvMO0FO/fbN_NSs _Yyx]\OS^8^q` YBgvTGF-OSl[S'YϑvvN\O(uRP[TvWV FO/fNNv^ NNTGF-(W_@{u-NbS_vbkSX b(W^y~_c$O-Nw0R[^y~r^~ހRSv\O(u0vSv _Y4N^;S^S^8^q`O(u]xxullu_~u bO(uOTlu7u'`Rwx FO/fNNv^ NNُ$Nyoir/fǏNO0R@{'} _^vluHeg0Vdk,g zOSl[_8^Nuu /fN荊sNuirf[TsN;Sf[vYf[yNSWW z zv_S Te[W@xS4N^TNNvxvzu0 V:N~ހOSl[/fN*NteSO l gN*NOSYbSN wZP/f[hQrzv Te kNyuuvSu0SU\S/f1uY*NOSbuirǏ z~Tv Vdk bN\͑pN~(WNN8^uu-NS%c͑\O(uvvMRxvzgp蕄vQyOSˆ}vSl[Yڀ΀SS$vSu-NvWnt0Notch0SHHOS O[0_@{TTyN"_8^'`uu-NvmTOROS0|?\u-Nv\ }SSOIRNIRSovv N8nOSl[0S`S^-Nv~ހVP[OSl[TJAK-STATˆ}v ^y~'`S|^yuu-NvPI3K0MAPK-JNK0BMPNS$vRP[:g6R-NvRas-MAPK0\GTPases0NbcVP[p530RbSTGF-I{0 zvb___ۏVYHQۏvce_ Ǒ(u/TS0NR_Yef[ \;Nclecture Nf[ue.so:ypresentation v~T (WN~wQSOOSl[_vW@x N wQ勆WvyxۏU\Tpp Nm^T^^ N|~c~ހOSl[xvzvSU\RTxvzel0dkY Ǐc:yOSl[(WN{|uu-Nvc:g6RT4N^^(u /TSf[umeQƋTyuuvSu:gt f[N(u :N4N^ʋeTlub/gcOevvMO0J\ebN\_lf[yrXYec Ye'Yf[vNgOLuYec0_VAlbert-Ludwig'Yf[Peter C. HeinrichYecSeRaWVz'Yf[vfelYecI{VEw Tyf[[~TvQyxvMRlcvsQWv͑OSl[S4N^[0 Cell Signaling and Diseases Various biological functions including cell growth, development, metabolism, death, adaptation, defense, etc. are regulated by transmission of information in the cell carried by biological signaling molecules, ie. signal transduction pathways. Fine-tuning of signal transduction is a prerequisite for normal life activities, and signal transduction abnormalities can lead to various pathological processes. There is evidence that human diseases, especially some major diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes and Alzheimer's disease are associated closely with signal transduction pathway disorders. To clarify the regulation of cellular signal transduction mechanism not only helps in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of various diseases, but also provides a new target for clinical diagnosis and treatment techniques. Therefore his course (Signal Transduction and Disease) is an interdisciplinary curriculum stepping across modern biology and modern medicine, which are suitable for both basic and clinical professional graduate students. We will focus on the most popular & important signaling proteins and pathways in the current study: such as the Wnt, Notch, SHH signaling pathway in embryonic development and tumorigenesis , the mTOR signaling pathway in cardiovascular and metabolic disorder diseases, the insulin receptor IR and IRS signaling pathway in diabetes, the cytokine signal transduction and JAK-STAT protein pathway in allergies, the PI3K , MAPK-JNK, BMP pathways in neurological and psychiatric disorders and the Ras-MAPK pathway, small GTPases, exchange factors p53, Rb, and TGF-2 < v > J @b  $Ҿ|eP<:U'h-=h-=CJKHOJ^JmH o(sH )h-=h-=5CJKHOJQJ\^Jo(-h-=h-=5CJKHOJPJQJ\^Jo(/h-=h-=CJKHOJPJ^JaJmHo(sH#h-=h-=CJKHOJPJ^Jo(/h-=h-=CJKHOJPJ^JaJmH o(sH 'h-=h-=CJKHOJPJ^JaJo(+h-=h-=5CJKHOJPJQJ^JaJ.h-=h-=5CJKHOJPJQJ^JaJo(  $$$$$$$$$$ &`#$gd1$9DgdO1$9Dgd-=01$9DWD`0gd-=$o1$WD`oa$gd-= $1$`a$gd-=$01$WD`0a$gdO $1$a$gd-=$ % pathway in the molecular mechanisms of tumors. In addition to introducing the research progress and methods in these specific signal transduction pathways, we will inspire students to an in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of various diseases by revealing the regulatory mechanism and clinical application of the signal transduction pathways. At the time, Changjiang Scholar Chair Professor of Tsinghua University, Professor Chen Yeguang, Germany Albert-Ludwig University, Professor Peter C. Heinrich, National University of Singapore Professor, Cao Xinmin and other internationally renowned scientists will be invited to give lectures on the research hot spots of signal transduction pathways and related clinical practice. Student literature presentations will be combined to enhance the students' initiative and the ability to communicate in English.     PAGE  PAGE 4 $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$%%%% % %˶hO0JmHnHuhO hO0JjhO0JUhjhU'hOh-=CJKHOJPJ^JaJo(h-=h-=KHo($$$%%% % %1$9DgdO &`#$gdh]hgdO0182P. 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